『チャーリーとチョコレート工場』─チャーリーが選ばれた理由─

　　Willy Wonka, a chocolate maker, places golden tickets in five candy bars. The five children who find the Golden Tickets in the bars they purchase are invited to his chocolate factory. Each of them seems to be an only child. It is commonly believed that an only child can do whatever he or she wants to do because he or she has no siblings with competing desires. Each of the five children except for Charlie Bucket grew up in rather rich families so that they could get almost anything they wanted just by asking their parents. These rich children can, for example, buy as many candy bars as they want until they get the Golden Tickets. Since their parents spoil them, they have become very selfish. Charlie Bucket, however, must repress all his desires because his family is too poor to buy luxury foods such as candy bars. Poverty seems to be an obstacle which will prevent us from doing what we want, but actually it teaches Charlie the importance of doing what he should. Because of poverty, Charlie becomes a good boy who can control his feelings, trust other people and gain the power of observation.　　Also, Charlie, who is given a bar of candy as his birthday present, always feels happy when he eats it. Because he cannot eat delicious things whenever he wants, he truly appreciates it when he can. The four rich children but Charlie do not feel happy when they eat the bar of candy. They just bought them to get the Golden Tickets. Willy Wonka wants to make people happy with the candy bars he produces; only with Charlie he succeeds.　　For these reasons, Charlie inherits the Chocolate Factory

オースティンとセンシビリティー

The work of Jane Austen came between 1813 and 1818, which placed her novels in the Regency period. Different from the Victorian era, it was full of openness, candor, and satire. In addition, sentimentalism is one of the characters of the novels in this era and sentimental novels, where the emergence of feeling is considered as a guide to behavior, are popular. Generally, her work is considered refined, but it is affected by the era. One of her juvenilia, Love and Freindship, which is an epistolary novel, is not elegant but full of Austen\u27s critical spirit. Austen, though fourteen when she wrote it, tried to attack the public tendency to regard sensibility as important

Isolation of a point-mutated p47 lacking binding affinity to p97ATPase

Abstractp47, a p97-binding protein, functions in Golgi membrane fusion together with p97 and VCIP135, another p97-binding protein. We have succeeded in creating p47 with a point mutation, F253S, which lacks p97-binding affinity. p47 mapping experiments revealed that p47 had two p97-binding regions and the F253S mutation occurred in the first p97-binding site. p47(F253S) could not form a complex with p97 and did not caused any cisternal regrowth in an in vitro Golgi reassembly assay. In addition, mutation corresponding to the p47 F253S mutation in p37 and ufd1 also abolished their binding ability to p97.Structured summaryMINT-7987189, MINT-7987207, MINT-7987303: p47 (uniprotkb:O35987) binds (MI:0407) to p97 (uniprotkb:Q01853) by pull down (MI:0096)MINT-7987226: p97 (uniprotkb:P46462) binds (MI:0407) to p47 (uniprotkb:O35987) by pull down (MI:0096)MINT-7987348: p97 (uniprotkb:P46462) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Ufd1 (uniprotkb:P70362) by pull down (MI:0096)MINT-7987264: p97 (uniprotkb:P46462) and p47 (uniprotkb:O35987) bind (MI:0407) by competition binding (MI:0405)MINT-7987326: p97 (uniprotkb:P46462) binds (MI:0407) to p37 (uniprotkb:Q0KL01) by pull down (MI:0096

『ノーサンガー・アビー』とジェイン・オースティン

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the realism of Jane Austen\u27s Novels with special attention to Northanger Abbey. Northanger Abbey is a parody of a Gothic Romance, a genre which was very popular at the time Northanger Abbey was written. Austen tries to show that Gothic Romances are exciting, but can also encourage arrested development. Isabella Thorpe is a good example of a person who never grows up, in part because she never reads novels, for example those written by Samuel Richardson, but restricts herself to Gothic Romances. On the other hand, the heroine, Catherine Morland, develops mentally because she recognizes her ignorance and is ashamed of it. Knowing that she is ignorant, she feels she must read novels and history. Novels have the power to make people recognize and be ashamed of their ignorance. Also, Catherine changes into a person who can judge others around her through their manners because novels have helped her to become more objective. As a result, she understands the differences between the appearance and the reality of the people around her and becomes a person with good judgement and manners

『分別と多感』 -マリアンのセンシビリティー-

Abstract Jane Austen\u27s novels are novels of manners. They interrogate manners regarded as their norm in the society in which her characters live. In her first authentic novel, Sense and Sensibility, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood are the heroines. Marianne, who is, at first, very sensitive and acts based on her feelings and emotions, is very attractive though her manners are deplored by those around her. On the other hand, Elinor, who behaves herself based on her sense and contemporary conventions, is not so attractive compared with Marianne. In presenting these two characters, Austen seems neither to completely deny "sensibility" nor to completely admire the "sense". She suggests that the important thing is to keep a balance between sense and sensibility. In the course of the novel Marianne becomes more sensible; she adopts, that is, comportment which will win her praise from the public, but the reader cannot help feeling that she is less attractive than before. We must remember, though, that Marianne lives in a Novel of Manners and her existence is a necessary prelude to well-balanced heroines such as Elizabeth Bennet and Emma Woodhouse

『説得』におけるアンとウェントワースの意義

AbstractAnne Elliot is quite different from Jane Austen\u27s other heroines, all of whom suffer in the male-dominated society where women do not have the right of inheritance or to work to earn their living. Instead, each of these women is encouraged to become "an Angel in the House." Anne Elliot, however, is a new type of woman. She appears to be "an Angel in the House." but if we observe her well, we can see that she finds ways to espress herself and gains the affection of Captain Wentworth eight years after refusing his proposal of marriage. In addition, he does not mind marrying Captain Wentworth, though he is not a landowner. Before the Industrial Revolution, the land-owning classes were considered "gentlemen." but this changed as time passed. The power of money strengthened and the landed gentry could not ignore this new power. Lady Russell is proud of her rank and persuades Anne no to marry Captain Wentworth because he is not a landowner. Their reunion after eight years, however, finds Anne to be willing to marry him, which is not only a revolutionary but also prophetic way of thinking

meles) Sett Microclimate: Differential Cub Survival between Main and Subsidiary Setts, with Implications for Artificial Sett Construction

Maintaining homeothermy is essential for mammals, but has considerable energetic costs. In this study, we monitored the internal conditions of setts within five European badger (Meles meles) social groups during the cub-rearing season, that is, February to July, in 2004. Sett temperature showed substantial and significant variation over this period, while relative humidity remained stable throughout. Microclimate was least stable during the period for which cubs remain entirely below ground between February and April; however here the instrumented main sett demonstrated a much warmer and more stable temperature regime than did nearby subsidiary outliers. We thus postulate that the energy budget of reproducing females could be affected by even small temperature fluctuations, militating for optimal sett choice. For comparison we also report microclimatic data from two artificial setts and found them to be markedly inferior in terms of thermal insulative properties, suggesting that man-made setts may need more careful consideration in both thermal and spatial setts network in each territory to adequately compensate the loss (e.g., destruction due to development) of a natural sett, especially as a breeding den

『エマ』における新しい男性像

AbstractGeorge Knightley marries Emma Woodhouse at the end of Jane Austen\u27s Emma. She does so, I would suggest, because Mr. Knightley is quite different from most gentlemen of the same period. In other words, he is what might be called "a new man," at odds with era about which Jane Austen was writing, a time in which society was still dominated by men as can be seen in the practice of institutions such as primogenitor. During that period, the ideal woman was "an angel of the house," -modest, unselfish, obedient to men and very patient. In addition, she should be pale and feeble. Emma is exactly the opposite. Jane Fairfax, on the other hand, who is an orphan and is educated as to be a governess, is such an ideal woman. However, Knightley is critical of Jane because she lacks openness, and the openness, he believes, is one of Emma\u27s strong points. In addition, Knightley decides to live at Hartfield after his marriage instead of Emma\u27s coming to Donwell Abbey. His decision is an event that shakes the patriarchal world. George Knightley, because he acts this way, can be called a gentleman who is ahead of the times. Jane Austen, in Emma, contributed the creation of a new man